The concept of Black Hole

Don't be fooled by its name. A black hole is not really a hole as its name suggests. Before diving into the topic let's first be familiar with a few terms.

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Image of a Black Hole

Escape velocity- The lowest velocity with which when an object is thrown from any cosmic body [planets, stars etc] escapes or moves out of its gravitational pull. The escape velocity of the Earth is 11.2 Km/s.

Event Horizon- The boundary after which no light or other radiation can move out after striking a black hole. Light cant escape out completely from the pull of a black hole but it does come to a certain limit, that's event horizon of a black hole.

A Black Hole is a super dense, massive object with an infinitesimally small volume having escape velocity higher than the velocity of light. And nothing can move faster than light so, nothing can escape out of a black hole. This is the reason it appears completely dark because even light can't reflect back from it.

Think of a star, as massive as the Sun, squeezed to the size of a football. It is capable to engulf everything that enters into its inner layer(inner event horizon) because of its intense gravitational pull. It wraps space-time fabric in such a way that the light which have enough velocity to convert mass into energy(E=m c^2) and vice versa, even can't escape. It can be termed as a region where eveything disappears.

It was first predicted by the 'Einstein's General Theory of Relativity'. Its interpretation as a region from which nothing can escape out was first published by David Finkelstein in 1958, although Karl Schwarzschild gave the first modern solution of general relativity characterizes a black hole back in 1916. The first picture of a black hole was taken on May 10th, 2019.

3 layers of black hole

Outer event horizon(light can escape through it as escape velocity=c)
Inner event horizon(escape velocity is a lot more than c, nothing can escape)
Singularity (the highly massive, less voluminous)

Formation

These are formed when a highly dense star collapses itself. This is due to the star's age. As the star ages, its gravitational field gets stronger (it emits the radiations and fuel. Hydrogen & Helium collapse, particles and antiparticles form and finally mass increases), it can't get hold of its own gravitational field which results in its reduced size.

A star dies and forms what we call as Black Hole. After its formation it can continue to grow up attracting the matter and radiation around it.

End

Interestingly, a black hole dies but the age of Black Holes exceeds the age of the Universe.

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